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Pharmaceutical manufacturing is one big industry that produces solutions for the health problems faced by mankind. It provides a cure for many infectious diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. It also produces antibiotics and vaccines to protect human beings and provide immunity from various health disorders. The invention of many veterinary medicines has helped the prevention of diseases in animals which can be transmitted to humans. Every year millions of compounds are tested and extensive research and development done to produce new medicines and improve the performance of existing medicines. Though research is undertaken on a large scale, only around 100 new medicines are produced. Millions of dollars are invested in the research for medicines and the machinery used in the research and production.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing is a lengthy process starting from research for new medicines to the marketing of the medicines. The first step is to seek chemical substances having the potential to fight, prevent and assuage disease symptoms and eradicate health problems. The compounds are then screened to prove their therapeutic uses and later tested on animals. If the tests prove successful, trials are done using human volunteers and then the medicines are released. During the trial phase the patients are monitored for ascertaining the side effects of the drug and the changes that result from dosage variations. The national drug administration authorities review the testing of medicines before their release for commercial use.
The process of Pharmaceutical manufacturing does not stop with the discovery or invention of new drugs, mass production of the medication should be carefully planned and executed. Chemical engineers, production specialists, pharmacists and packaging engineers contribute their skills and knowledge for devising an economical manufacturing process suitable for large scale production.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing plants require heavy, automated and specialized machinery and equipment for production processes, research and development. Micronizing and milling machines are used to powderize the chemicals into small portions. Specialized machines are required for mixing, filtering, fermenting, drying and other production processes. Bioreactors, buffer production systems, ultra filtration units, storage and filling tanks, stoppering and capping lines are other equipments that need to be designed with proper care and compliance with the regulations prescribed by authorities like FDA. Validation of aseptic processes and heating, ventilation and air conditioning installations is necessary to create clean room environment and protect the workers engaged in the production and research processes from the dust, fumes, disagreeable odors and vapors released from poisonous chemicals and infectious cultures.Hence Pharmaceutical manufacturing plants should ensure overall safety and healthy environment.
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